3/18/2023 0 Comments Abduction and adduction![]() In patients gravity elimination (Humac Norm) can be very beneficial to reduce ballistic forces.Īs velocities in some sports (any involving throwing an object) are known to reach thousands of degrees/second (Pappas et al., 1985) testing using a dynamometer been said to be non-functional. Some testers will test the first 60-90 degrees of abduction with one axis then the remaining motion (which could be described as elevation anyway) with a different axis.Īs the lever arm can be very long and heavy in these movements setting of gravity correction is essential. Generally 0 degrees to 160 and in some cases 180 degrees abduction have been used. Adduction is tested less often (most researchers use adduction from abduction or horizontal abduction / adduction), however anything from 0-40 degrees can be used. Generally a large range of motion is chosen for these tests. But it has been shown by Walmsley (1993) that the gleno-humeral joint as a whole (never mind its instantaneous axis of rotation) moves by an average of 8cm through range so the need for accuracy must be questioned. ![]() Regardless of the position of the test the alignment of the instantaneous axis of rotation should be a point roughly 2-3 cms below the inferior lip of the acromial arch. Make sure the elbow has a small degree of flexion throughout the range to ensure it's safety (5 degrees is usually enough). Although this may have some face validity it does not translate into real world testing. There is validity in using a wrist strap (as seen in standing above) rather than a grip handle (as seen in seated above) because this eliminates the influence of the wrist flexors and extensors. ![]() ![]() Seated: in the seated position stabilisation usually involves a lap belt and chest straps. Standing: Stabilistion in the standing position is not normally required as this is the most functional position. Testing in this position is more functional than that in the seated position and allows some adduction. In the standing position (see below) stabilization is difficult if not impossible (and probably undesirable). ![]()
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